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History of Charleville-Mézières
It is in 1606 on the small principality of Arches that Charles de Gonzague, prince of Nevers and duke of Mantua decides to create a new city, based on the symmetry and the classical order. This is how Charleville, a city articulated around the Place Ducale, is born. Thanks to certain privileges, Charles de Gonzague succeeds in attracting tradesmen and craftsmen, to the detriment of the neighboring city of Mézières. The latter, medieval city, had been a real economic center until the sixteenth century. Located on the banks of the Meuse, its five ports allowed a large trade in goods between France and the Empire. In 1521, Bayard succeeded in breaking the siege of Charles V's troops. Then, aware of the military strength of Mézières, France strengthens the fortifications and erected the citadel in 1590, but surrounded, the city is no longer developing and traders, craftsmen and labor of quality, often driven by the construction of the citadel, settle in Charleville. Competitive, but linked in their growth and their destiny, Mézières and Charleville were united for the best in 1966 and today constitute, with Étion, Mohon and Montcy Saint Pierre, the chief town of the department of the Ardennes. The creation of the World Festival of Puppet Theaters in 1961 had a major impact on the cultural life of the city of Charleville-Mézières. After the creation of the International Puppetry Institute in 1981, the National School of Puppetry Arts in 1987, the year 1991 saw the inauguration of a giant automaton "The Great Puppeteer". This work conceived at the request of Jacques Félix was created by Jacques Monestier and presents each day in twelve paintings the Ardennes legend of the four sons Aymon. Charleville-Mézières has today become the "world capital of puppetry".
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